Four Stars in the Sky of Knowledge: A Review of the Life of Khwarizmi, Biruni, Khayyam, and Kashani

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M.Sc. student in Mathematics Education, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, IranCountry

2 Academy of Sciences of the Islamic Republic of Iran

10.48310/rme.2025.20095.1115

Abstract

Background and Objectives: In the world of science and knowledge, mathematics, as one of the fundamental branches of human knowledge, has played a key role in shaping civilizations and cultures. This article examines the lives and works of four prominent Muslim mathematicians: Mohammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, Abu Rayhan Biruni, Omar Khayyam, and Kashani. The main goal of the research is to analyze the contribution of these four great scientists to the development of mathematical theories and their scientific transformations within the context of Islamic civilization, and their unparalleled impact on the transfer of mathematical knowledge to the Western world. This study is an opportunity to revisit and scientifically recognize the rich and pure heritage of these great figures in the world of mathematics, and how they founded concepts and methods that are now widely used in modern science and technology. Methods: The research method is analytical-descriptive and based on a thorough and extensive review of historical sources, library research, and original texts related to the works of these mathematicians. In this method, data has been carefully extracted, categorized, and analyzed to extract a comprehensive view of the scientific achievements and innovations of each. This allows for a deeper examination of each scientist's role in fields such as algebra, geometry, astronomy, calculus, and number theory, as well as the impact of their works on the cycle of knowledge transfer. Findings: Research findings indicate that Khwarizmi laid the foundation for algorithmic mathematics by formulating the principles of algebra and introducing methods

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